植物根系细胞壁在提高植物抵抗金属离子毒性中的作用

植物根系细胞壁在抵抗金属离子毒害过程中发挥着重要作用,论文对金属胁迫下植物细胞壁对金属离子的固定作用及其机制进行了探讨.主要从两个方面阐述了金属离子胁迫下,细胞壁提高植物抗性的机制:其一是细胞壁对金属离子的"区隔机制";其二是细胞壁对金属离子的"适应机制".两种机制对于提高植物对金属离子的抗性均具有重要作用.在探讨细胞壁提高植物对金属离子的抗性机制的同时,还对通过外加手段在细胞壁水平来调节植物对金属离子的抗性的可能性进行了探讨,指出通过利用丛枝菌根真菌与大多数植物可以形成菌根共生体的特性,可以从细胞壁角度入手更好地阐述丛枝菌根真菌提高植物对金属离子的抗性机制.     

真菌Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr降解三苯废气性能实验

利用固相静态试验考察前期实验驯化出的真菌Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr对苯、甲苯、二甲苯的好氧生物降解性能。结果表明,在本研究的气相浓度范围内(苯47.25~1677.47g/m3,甲苯64.70~1258.50g/m3、二甲苯20.59~1707.85g/m3),3种气体的降解速率随其初始浓度的增大而增加,降解规律苯、甲苯符合Monod方程,二甲苯符合一级反应。     

非灭菌环境投加染料时间对白腐真菌降解活性染料的影响

应用氮限制液体培养基(C/N=56／8．7)研究了非灭菌环境投加染料时间对白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium降解活性艳红K-2BP染料的影响．试验结果表明,纯培养2d和3d后,在非灭菌环境投加活性艳红K-2BP染料的体系脱色率与在灭菌环境投加该染料的体系基本相当,其5d脱色率在90％以上;而纯培养ld时在非灭菌环境投加染料体系的脱色率却只有8l％．引起纯培养ld体系脱色率降低的主要原因是活性艳红K-2BP对白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium的生长有抑制作用和反应体系感染了酵母菌．但是,如果纯培养延长至2d以后,由于白腐真菌菌丝体已在体系内占优势,尽管在非灭菌环境下还有酵母菌侵入,但它不会占优势,从而也就不会影响白腐真菌对染料的降解作用．因此,在氮限制液体培养基中,只要白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium在反应体系占优势,就可以适当缩短纯培养时间,提前在非灭菌环境投加染料,使白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium的培养和对活性染料的脱色同步进行．     

The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza on change of heavy metal speciation in rhizosphere of maize in wastewater irrigated agriculture soil

To understand the roles of mycorrhiza in metal speciation in the rhizosphere and the impact on increasing host plant tolerance against excessive heavy metals in soil, maize ( Zea mays L. ) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus ( Glomus mosseae) was cultivated in heavy metal contaminated soil. Speciations of copper, zinc and lead in the soil were analyzed with the technique of sequential extraction. The results showed that, in comparison to the bolked soil, the exchangeable copper increased from 26% to 43% in non-infected and AM-infected rhizoshpere respectively; while other speciation (organic, carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide copper) remained constant and the organic bound zinc and lead also increased but the exchangeable zinc and lead were undetectable. The organic bound copper, zinc end lead were higher by 15%, 40% and 20%, respectively, in the rhizosphere of arbuscular mycorrhiza infected maize in comparison to the non-infected maize. The results might indicate that mycorrhiza could protect its host plants from the phytotoxicity of excessive copper, zinc and lead by changing the speciation from bio-available to the non-bio-available form. The fact that copper and zinc accumulation in the roots and shoots of mycorrhia infected plants were significantly lower than those in the non-infected plants might also suggest that mycorrhiza efficiently restricted excessive copper and zinc absorptions into the host plants. Compared to the non-infected seedlings, the lead content of infected seedlings was 60% higher in shoots. This might illustrate that mycorrhiza have a different mechanism for protecting its host from excessive lead phytotoxicity by chelating lead in the shoots.     

海底深部生物圈真菌的研究现状

海底深部生物圈是科学大洋钻探的最大发现之一,已证明以厌氧、高压、贫营养、温度跨幅大为特点的海底深部生物圈中存在大量微生物类群,其中研究较多的是细菌和古菌,而对真菌的研究则很少。本文重点综述目前有关海底深部生物圈真菌的研究进展,为我国从事海底深部生物圈真菌研究提供参考。     

大气O3浓度升高对2种基因型矮菜豆丛枝菌根(AM)结构及球囊霉素蛋白产生的影响

以臭氧敏感性不同的2种基因型(O3敏感型:S156;O3耐受型:R123)矮菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)为宿主植物,在模拟的大气臭氧浓度升高环境中研究臭氧胁迫对2种基因型植物的AM结构和球囊霉素蛋白产生的影响,旨在了解大气臭氧浓度升高对AM真菌生长和AM结构形成的影响.结果表明,与自然大气臭氧水平(20 nL.L-1)相比,臭氧浓度升高(70nL.L-1)显著降低了S156和R123植物的菌根侵染率,特别是S156植物,下降了43.6%.臭氧浓度升高明显影响了2种基因型植物的AM结构组成,表现在根室和菌丝室外生菌丝量、单位根长丛枝数的大幅下降,以及根室和菌丝室孢子数的显著增加,特别是S156植物变化更为明显;但2种基因型植物的单位根长泡囊数随臭氧浓度变化不显著.臭氧浓度升高对2种基因型植物的菌根际和菌丝际总球囊霉素蛋白量影响不显著,但导致菌根际和菌丝际的易提取球囊霉素蛋白量大幅增加;不过2种基因型植物间差异不显著.本研究表明,大气臭氧浓度升高显著影响植物菌根侵染率、AM结构形成和易提取球囊霉素蛋白的产生,特别是对臭氧敏感型植物影响更大.     

周年轮作休耕对土壤AMF群落和团聚体稳定性的影响

为探究轮作休耕对丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）群落组成及土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,以坡耕地红壤为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序和湿筛法分别测定AMF群落组成和团聚体,研究了苕子轮作玉米（V-C）、豌豆轮作玉米（P-C）、冬闲-玉米（F-C）和周年休耕（F-F）这4个处理下AMF群落组成及其与土壤养分和团聚体稳定性之间的关系.结果表明,F-F、V-C和P-C处理的>2 mm团聚体含量、R_0.25及MWD均显著高于F-C （P<0.05）,<0.25 mm团聚体含量均显著低于F-C （P<0.05）;F-F处理的ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数较F-C分别显著提高29.56%、35.78%和45.55%;球囊霉属（Glomus）为各处理AMF群落的优势属,盾巨孢囊霉属（Scutellospora）在各处理间差异显著（P<0.05）;PCoA分析发现,PC1和PC2分别累计解释了AMF群落组成差异的29.99%和22.40%;相关性分析表明,盾巨孢囊霉属与碱解氮（AN）和有机质（SOM）呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,与速效钾（AK）呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,球囊霉属与碱解氮呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;RDA分析表明,AMF多样性（Shannon指数）和盾巨孢囊霉属分别与>2 mm和2~1 mm团聚体含量显著正相关（P<0.05）.因此,周年休耕和苕子轮作玉米有利于提高土壤团聚体稳定性和改变AMF群落组成,研究结果为我国南方周年轮作系统提高土壤质量和推行合理轮作休耕模式提供理论依据和参考.     

Influence of metal ions on sulfonamide antibiotics biochemical behavior in fiber coexisting system

Metal ions and fiber are common compounds in the livestock and poultry manure,which will affect the fate of organic compounds in aqueous environment. However,limited research has addressed the effect of coexisting metal ions and fiber on the biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics. Accordingly, a compositing study was performed to assess the effect of metal ions(Fe3+and Cu2+) on the biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine sodium salt(SDM) in the presence of fiber. The enhanced adsorption of SDM onto fiber in the presence of metal ions can be attributed to the π+–π electron donor acceptor(EDA) interaction. The microbial(Phanerochaete chrysosprium) could easily attach onto fiber forming attached microbial, and the degradation rates of SDM of immobilized bacteria in the presence of Fe3 +were 100%, which were significantly higher than those of free bacteria(45%). This study indicates that Fe3 +and fiber could enhance the biodegradation of SDM. Fiber acts as adsorbent, carrier, and substrate which enhanced the removal of SDM.     

矿区废弃地生态修复中丛枝菌根真菌接种效应

利用粉煤灰、煤矸石和污泥3种配比的复合基质作为试种土壤,接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）进行盆栽实验,通过考察接种AMF对复合基质中植物出苗率、根冠比以及植物对总氮、速效磷和速效钾吸收的影响,研究矿区生态修复过程中AMF对的接种效应。结果表明,接种AMF,明显促进矿区复合基质中植物的生长,有效增加了宿主植物对营养元素的吸收,增加了矿区复合基质的有机质含量,加速矿区复合基质的熟化